Proceeding of National Seminar on Maritime and Interdisciplinary Studies

Speech Acts Analysis of Resolution MEPC.377(80): 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships

Dhion Meitreya Vidhiasi — 2025-12-31

This study examines speech actions within the international policy document RESOLUTION MEPC.377(80): 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, employing a descriptive qualitative methodology grounded in Weigand’s (2010) dialogic speech act theory. The research focuses on the Vision and Levels of Ambition sections, which outline the trajectory of the International Maritime Organization's strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the international shipping sector, aiming for a net-zero emissions objective by 2050. A descriptive qualitative method is employed to analyze the data. The study results indicate that the IMO policy statement serves both as a regulatory tool and as a medium for institutional communication, encompassing a series of dialogic speech acts. Three predominant categories of speech acts were identified: declarative (primarily encompassing institutional promises and commitments), directive (manifesting as invitations, encouragement, and implicit demands directed at member states), and representative (notably assertive acts that underscore beliefs and strategic information). The three categories of speaking actions function synergistically to establish legitimacy, urgency, and the trajectory of collective action among IMO member nations to achieve carbon-neutral shipping. This study expands the theory of dialogic speech acts to analyze international ecological policy texts, demonstrating that IMO strategic policies are formulated through dialogic procedures that promote understanding and awareness.

The Obstacles in Learning Speaking in the Ship Machinery Engineering Department of Ivet University in the Academic Year 2024/2025

Rachmat Ari Wibowo — 2025-12-31

This study aims to identify the obstacles in English speaking skills faced by fifth-semester students of the Ship Machinery Engineering Study Program at Ivet University. Speaking is an essential competency in English learning; however, many students still experience difficulties in terms of fluency and accuracy. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through classroom observations and Likert-scale questionnaires administered to 100 students from three classes.The findings show that 80% of students still struggle with speaking, while 48% face difficulties in constructing sentences and understanding tenses. A total of 60% of students experience limited vocabulary, and pronunciation problems are encountered by 49% of respondents. Affective factors are also dominant, with 80% of students lacking confidence due to fear of making mistakes. Additionally, 75% feel their speaking skills remain passive due to limited practice, and 93% report that their classroom environment does not support the use of English in daily communication. In conclusion, students’ speaking obstacles are influenced by both linguistic factors (vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation) and non-linguistic factors (anxiety, lack of practice, classroom environment). These findings highlight the need for more communicative teaching strategies and increased practice opportunities to enhance students’ speaking abilities.

The Role of Integrity Knowledge Worker in Mediating The Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Halal Logistics Performance: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Retno Anggoro — 2025-12-31

This study introduces the concept of Integrity Knowledge Worker as a novel mediating construct. This study introduces the concept of Integrity Knowledge Worker as a novel mediating construct linking Human Resource Management (HRM) practices to Halal Logistics Performance. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with data from 289 logistics management professionals in Indonesia, we validated a comprehensive model comprising HRM Practices with four dimensions (Selection and Recruitment, Training and Development, Career Development, and Reward Management), Integrity Knowledge Worker with two dimensions (Knowledge Worker Acquisition and Knowledge Worker Application), and Halal Logistics Performance with five dimensions. The measurement model demonstrated excellent reliability and good construct validity, with all factor loadings exceeding recommended thresholds. Model fit indices indicated acceptable fit. However, a critical limitation of this study is that while the research title and conceptual framework suggest a mediation analysis, the current research did not provide direct empirical evidence of mediation effects. Despite proposing Integrity Knowledge Worker as a mediating construct, the study only established correlational relationships and structural associations between variables, without conducting a full mediation analysis. This research contributes to knowledge management and HRM literature by providing empirically validated measures of how strategic HR practices develop integrity-based knowledge workers who drive organizational performance in the halal logistics sector. Future research is recommended to conduct comprehensive structural equation modeling to quantify the precise mediation effects.

Transformasi Sistem Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Maritim melalui e-Crewing untuk Mengatasi Kelangkaan Pelaut Global

Sugeng Marsudi — 2025-12-31

The increasing global shortage of seafarers has become a critical challenge for the maritime industry, demanding a transformation of maritime human resource management systems. This issue is exacerbated by slow recruitment processes, mismatched competencies, and manual crew documentation procedures. This study aims to analyze the role of digital transformation through e-Crewing in enhancing the efficiency of maritime HR management as a strategic solution to reduce the global seafarer shortage. The research stages include problem identification and industry needs assessment, collection of quantitative and qualitative data, analysis of e-Crewing integration within crew management processes, and evaluation of the system’s impact on recruitment and administrative performance. A mixed-methods approach was applied, involving questionnaires distributed to 120 respondents, in-depth interviews with 10 crewing managers, and analysis of company operational documents. The findings show that e-Crewing implementation increases recruitment efficiency by 38%, reduces administrative errors by 52%, and accelerates certificate verification through e-Certification integration by 41%. Furthermore, 87% of respondents reported that e-Crewing enhances transparency of seafarer competencies and expands international recruitment access. The study concludes that e-Crewing significantly optimizes maritime HR management and serves as a strategic solution to address the global seafarer shortage while strengthening the competitiveness of shipping companies.

Academic-Industry Collaboration in Improving the Performance of Maritime Universities through Green Innovation as a Mediator

Mariana Kristiyanti — 2025-12-31

In today's era of open innovation, collaboration between universities and industry plays a crucial role in enhancing innovation systems and driving economic growth. This collaboration not only serves as a crucial driver for organizational development but also as a significant potential catalyst for green innovation. As a means for organizations to access external resources, university-industry collaboration helps companies quickly acquire necessary resources, provides access to cutting-edge research, and enhances their capacity to develop new technologies. It acts as a key mediator in strengthening the relationship between academic-industry collaboration and improved institutional performance. Through green innovation, the collaborative results can be implemented in the form of developing environmentally friendly technology, sustainable campus policies, and sustainability-based learning. Green innovation not only impacts the improvement of research quality and institutional reputation but also fosters ecological awareness and a culture of sustainability within the academic environment. The data type in this study is qualitative data, with data collection methods including literature review, interviews, observation, and documentation. The research findings indicate that the level of collaboration between maritime universities and the maritime industry significantly influences the creation of green innovation. Green innovation can boost university-industry collaboration in various forms, including graduate recruitment, joint research, academic exchanges, employe training, technical consulting, shared facilities, and patent licensing..

The Influence of the Crew Change Process on Crew Fulfillment in PT Dermawan Jazaa Persada Jakarta 2025

Dionisius Rafael — 2025-12-31

The global shipping industry has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, accompanied by an increasing demand for skilled and professional maritime labour. In this context, crewing or crew management has become a crucial aspect to ensure the smooth operation of ships worldwide. The crew recruitment process serves as the initial and most decisive stage in providing qualified maritime personnel, involving selection based on educational background, experience, health conditions, and international certifications in accordance with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watch keeping for Seafarers) Convention. One of the most essential components of crew management is the crew change process, which ensures the safety, efficiency, and welfare of seafarers. However, in practice, this process often encounters various challenges such as limited human resources in certain ranks, expiring crew documents, sudden replacement requests, and administrative constraints. This study was conducted at PT. Dermawan Jazaa Persada, a crew manning agency that collaborates with several foreign shipping companies from Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors hindering the implementation of the crew change process and to analyse the company's efforts to overcome these obstacles and optimise crew fulfilment. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the field of maritime management and practical benefits for shipping companies by improving the effectiveness of maritime human resource management to support smooth, sustainable ship operations.

Evaluation of Policy Implementation for Monitoring and Controlling Goods Overloading at the UPPKB Weighbridge in Seumadam, Aceh Tamiang

Putri Wulan Dari — 2025-12-31

Overloading violations in freight transport remain a serious problem in road transport management in Indonesia, including at the Seumadam Aceh Tamiang Weighbridge. Overloading causes road damage, reduces safety, and weakens the effectiveness of enforcement policies. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of supervision and control policies for freight overloading using four indicators based on Langbein's theory: weighing requirements and regulations, penalties for violations, supervision service procedures, and service time. This study uses an evaluative, qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the policy implementation has not been optimal. Not all freight vehicles are weighed in accordance with SOPs due to officers' lack of assertiveness and inconsistent implementation of procedures. Sanctions for overloading violations are also not enforced as stipulated, with drivers receiving only warning letters and no firm follow-up. In addition, the supervision process is not yet effective as vehicles with loads exceeding the limit are still allowed to continue their journey. The irregular behavior of some drivers also causes service times to exceed standards. This study concludes that there is a need to improve SOPs, strengthen enforcement of sanctions, and enhance officers' facilities and capacity to monitor overloading more effectively.

Effectiveness of the Ship Welding Permit Issuance Process Using the Inaportnet Application at the Tanjung Priok Harbormaster and Main Port Authority Office

Meryanti Meryanti — 2025-12-31

This study analyzes the effectiveness of the ship welding permit issuance process through the Inaportnet application at the Harbormaster's Office and the Main Port Authority Tanjung Priok. The purpose of this study is to understand the effectiveness and efficiency of implementation via an online system and to identify the obstacles ship agents face in obtaining welding permits. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through interviews, observations, and documentation. This study reveals that Inaportnet has improved service efficiency by reducing processing time and increasing transparency. However, several obstacles remain, including network disruptions, incomplete documents, excessively large files, and activities that exceed operational time limits. From this study, it can be concluded that Inaportnet has a positive impact on administrative services, although continuous improvements in infrastructure, user training, and system optimization are needed to maximize its effectiveness in the ship welding permit issuance process.

An Empirical Analysis of Service Quality and Price Toward Customer Satisfaction in Regional Transportation Services

Febriyandi Saputra — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality and price on customer satisfaction with the TravelQ travel services in Tembilahan City. The research employs a quantitative, explanatory survey approach with 96 respondents. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction (t = 2.797; p < 0.05), whereas price exerts a more substantial influence (t = 3.985; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on customer satisfaction (F = 12.324; p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.210 indicates that 21% of the variation in customer satisfaction is explained by service quality and price, with the remaining 79% influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings emphasize that perceived price suitability is the most dominant factor in shaping customer satisfaction, while service quality contributes through comfort and travel experience. Therefore, aligning service improvement efforts with pricing strategies is essential for TravelQ to meet customer expectations effectively.

Analisis Proses Sertifikasi Sign On dan Sign Off Awak Kapal di PT. SalamPacific Indonesia Lines Cabang Jakarta

Ima Rohimah — 2025-12-31

The sign-on and sign-off certification process is a mandatory procedure to ensure that every seafarer boarding or disembarking a vessel meets the required qualifications, legal documentation, and safety standards in accordance with national and international regulations. This study aims to analyze the obstacles encountered in the certification process of sign-on and sign-off at PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Jakarta Branch, and to identify their impacts on the company’s operational performance. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through observation, interviews,and document analysis. The findings indicate several key obstacles, including expired maritime certificates and insufficient. Job qualifications, delays in issuing transfer letters from previous companies, invalid medical check-up results, and technical disruptions within the online certification system. These challenges lead to delays in crew rotation, disruption of voyage schedules, increased operational costs, potential administrative sanctions, and decreased service efficiency. This study emphasizes the importance of proactive document management, improved coordination among the company, seafarers, and port authorities, and the optimization of digital administrative services to accelerate certification processes. Strengthening crewing management procedures is expected to improve vessel operational efficiency and maintain compliance with maritime safety standards.

The Procedure for Issuing Delivery Orders (D/O) for Imported Goods in PT. Evergreen Shipping Agency Indonesia, Medan Branch

Sri Rahayu — 2025-12-31

This research aims to deeply analyze the procedure for issuing the Delivery Order (D/O) document for imported goods and to identify the necessary supporting documents at PT. Evergreen Shipping Agency Indonesia, Medan Branch. The Delivery Order (D/O) itself serves as the official instruction document for the handover of goods to the entitled party in accordance with applicable regulations. The D/O issuance procedure commences with the collection and validation of export-import documents from service users, followed by processing through the company's internal application, Shipment Online (SOL), until the D/O is issued for delivery to the EMKL (Freight Forwarding Company). The methodology employed in this study is direct observation (field study) and literature review (library study) conducted during the fieldwork period. Data were collected to comprehensively understand the mechanism of Delivery Order issuance. The results of the study indicate that the smooth issuance of D/Os relies heavily on the completeness of submitted documents and on solid coordination between the shipping agency and relevant port authorities. However, the main obstacles encountered include incomplete documents from container service users and payment delays, which delay invoice issuance and the release of the Delivery Order document. These delays ultimately have the potential to affect the timely handover of goods to the consignee. Optimizing this process needs special attention to enhance operational efficiency and the overall quality of the company's services.

Analysis of Digital Marketing Strategies in Supporting Sales at the Logistics Service Company PT Sinar Jaya Fokus

Veri Hidayat — 2025-12-31

The development of digital technology is driving significant changes in marketing practices across service-based industries, including the logistics sector, which must adapt to shifting consumer behaviour and increasing industry competition. PT Sinar Jaya Fokus, as a logistics service provider, is expected to utilise digital marketing strategies to enhance promotional effectiveness, strengthen brand positioning, and support sales growth. This research aimed to comprehensively analyse the implementation of digital marketing strategies within the company and evaluate their contribution to improving the sales performance of PT Sinar Jaya Fokus’s logistics services. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research method, with data analysed using the STP framework (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning), the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion), and digital marketing analysis. The findings indicated that PT Sinar Jaya Fokus had integrated digital elements into its segmentation, targeting, and positioning processes, as well as into its marketing mix and digital marketing activities, utilising digital platforms to facilitate fast, easy interaction and communication with customers. PT Sinar Jaya Fokus made optimal, integrated use of digital marketing features, enabling digital media to effectively support the company in promoting its logistics services to customers quickly and efficiently. Additionally, the study highlighted that the consistent use of digital marketing tools enabled PT Sinar Jaya Fokus to build stronger customer engagement, gather real-time feedback, and analyse consumer behaviour more accurately. This digital approach not only enhanced promotional outcomes but also contributed to improved service quality and operational efficiency. The integration of digital marketing was therefore seen as a strategic asset that supported long-term business sustainability and strengthened the company’s competitive position in the logistics industry.

Live Animal Air Transport Procedures for Aves and Mammals at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Internatonal Airport, Pekanbaru

Ade Irma Ramadita — 2025-12-31

The current era of globalization is rapid, driving increased mobility of goods and people. One of the existing goods shipments is the shipment of live animals by air. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Live Animals Regulations (LAR) and the national regulation, Law No. 18 of 2009 concerning animal husbandry and animal health, have provided clear technical guidelines. Many cases that occur, one of which is the death and stress of animals during the expedition, still occur due to non-compliance with procedures and a lack of supervision. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the document-handling procedures and the operations for live animals (aves and mammals) at Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport, Pekanbaru. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, based on field observations, interviews, and document analysis of shipping SOPs. The results of the analysis show that the shipment has followed existing procedures and regulations, from the sender submitting the animal along with personal data, to the preparation of SMU and PTI documents by the agent, to cargo inspection by the Regulated Agent (RA), to re-checking in the warehouse by the warehouse officers. Existing procedures are appropriate, but increased supervision and officer competency, as well as effective system management, are still needed to avoid technical errors and maintain animal welfare.

Sustainability Analysis of Loading and Discharging Process Supervision in the Era of Green Port

Suhendra Afriandi — 2025-12-31

This research examines the sustainability of monitoring loading and discharging processes in ports adopting Green Port principles. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods, this study analyzes the effectiveness of green technology implementation, environmental impacts, and economic efficiency in port operations. The findings reveal that green technologies, including electric-powered cranes and automated energy-efficient systems, successfully reduced carbon emissions by 20-30% and decreased fossil fuel consumption by 15%. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results demonstrated a 25% reduction in CO₂ emissions and a 40% decrease in operational waste. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) indicated that despite initial investment costs being 15-20% higher than conventional options, long-term operational savings of 10-15% annually were achieved, with operational time reduced by 8%. Key challenges identified include the lack of technical skills among operators, high initial investment costs, particularly for small and medium-sized ports, and regulatory constraints. Survey results showed that 75% of operational staff supported green port initiatives, while 65% reported improved workplace safety due to reduced exposure to pollution. This research provides strategic recommendations for enhancing sustainability in loading and discharging monitoring, including continuous workforce training, public-private collaboration to finance green technology, and the development of supportive regulatory policies. The findings serve as a practical guide for port operators and policymakers in implementing environmentally friendly monitoring practices aligned with global sustainability targets.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Digital Transformation in Maritime Context-Based Kinematics Learning

Lusiani Lusiani — 2025-12-31

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of digital transformation in maritime context-based kinematics learning. The study used a quantitative method, with a pretest–posttest one-group design with eleventh-grade high school students as subjects. Learning was conducted using QR-code-based worksheets (LKPD) that directed students to various digital resources, such as learning videos, Google Maps, and the Encyclopedia Britannica, through problem-solving stages (problem orientation, investigation, presentation, and reflection). Data were obtained through learning outcome tests (pretest and posttest). The Shapiro–Wilk normality test showed normally distributed data (sig > 0.05), and the homogeneity test showed a homogeneity (sig = 0.464). The one-sample t-test showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), with a posttest average of 76.57, which is higher than the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) of 70. The proportion test showed that more than 80% of students achieved learning mastery. This study has significantly demonstrated the effectiveness of digital transformation in maritime context-based kinematics learning.

Root Cause Analysis and Solutions for the Decline in Freshwater Generator Production: A Case Study of MV Top Diligence

Yeyen Herlina — 2025-12-31

A freshwater generator is a crucial system in ship operations that produces fresh water from seawater via vacuum distillation. This research aims to identify the causes of decreased fresh water production in fresh water generator and analyze the effectiveness of corrective measures undertaken. The research employed a case study method with a qualitative approach conducted on MV. Top Diligence during the period from October 2024 to August 2025. Data collection was conducted through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with the Third Engineer and related crew members, and a documentation study of the daily record book, the planned maintenance system, and the instruction manual. Data analysis used the root cause analysis method with the 5 Whys technique and a fishbone diagram. Research findings indicate that production decrease from 20-23 tons/day to 13.8 tons/day (30.8% reduction) was caused by three main factors: seal damage on evaporator plate which reduced system vacuum from 0.9 bar to 0.6-0.7 bar, fouling or scale accumulation of 2-5 mm thickness that impeded heat transfer, and ejector pump pressure reduction from 3-3.5 bar to 1.5 bar. Corrective measures, including mechanical scale removal, gasket replacement, and ejector pump maintenance, proved effective, resulting in production recovery to an average of 20.8 tons/day (46% increase). This research concludes that preventive maintenance with intervals adjusted to operational conditions (3-4 months) and strict monitoring of critical parameters are essential to maintaining optimal performance of fresh water generators. The research findings provide practical contributions in the form of recommendations for planned maintenance system revision and early warning system implementation to prevent performance degradation in the future.

Teknostres dan Resistensi Perubahan terhadap Adaptasi Digital pada Awak Kapal

Supangat Supangat — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze levels of technostress and resistance to change among seafarers during the digitalization of ship operational systems and to assess how maritime human resources (HR) can enhance their adaptability to digital technologies through training and organizational policies. The research employed a quantitative approach, including a descriptive survey and inferential analysis via multiple regression. The sample consisted of 120 seafarers from three national shipping companies that have implemented digital-based fleet management systems and electronic logbooks. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of α = 0.89. The findings indicate that 64.2% of seafarers experience moderate technostress, 23.5% high, and 12.3% low. Furthermore, 58% of respondents initially showed resistance to digital system implementation, but 72% demonstrated improved adaptability after participating in three months of continuous training. Regression analysis reveals that technostress has a significant negative effect on digital adaptation (β = -0.41, p < 0.05), while organizational support has a significant positive effect (β = 0.56, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the success of maritime HR's adaptation to digital technology depends on an organization’s ability to manage technostress and change resistance through competency-based training and consistent managerial support. The novelty of this research is the disclosure of an integrative model that simultaneously examines technostress, change resistance, digital competence, and organizational support in the context of crew digital adaptation—a study that has never been comprehensively tested in a maritime work environment. These findings have implications for the importance of providing continuous digital training, enhancing organizational change readiness, and strengthening ship management policies to accelerate the transition to technology-based shipping operations.

Optimalisasi Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Awak Kapal Melalui Sistem Digitalisasi untuk Mendukung Transportasi Laut Berkelanjutan

Mudiyanto Mudiyanto — 2025-12-31

Digital transformation in the maritime industry has become an urgent necessity due to the increasing complexity of operations and the need for greater efficiency in sustainable maritime transportation. However, the readiness of ship crews to operate digital systems remains a challenge, impacting the effectiveness with which they carry out their duties and responsibilities on board. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing digitalization systems—such as the Integrated Bridge System (IBS), Crew Management System (CMS), and Online Maintenance Reporting (OMR)—on optimizing ship crew performance and their contribution to operational efficiency and shipping sustainability. The research method uses a quantitative explanatory approach with a Likert-scale questionnaire instrument distributed to merchant ship crews in the Surabaya, Gresik, and Tuban areas. The analysis used multiple linear regression to examine the relationships among digitalization level, ship crew performance, and operational sustainability. The results show that digitalization significantly improves work efficiency, reporting accuracy, and inter-position coordination, with a significance value of 0.000 and a β of 0.512. These findings confirm that digitalization not only supports technical efficiency but also fosters a more adaptive, data-driven work culture. The study recommends increasing the digital capacity of ship crews through ongoing training to support the implementation of smart and sustainable shipping.

Strategi Manajemen Talenta Maritim dalam Mendukung Green Maritime Industry dan Pencapaian Ekonomi Biru Berkelanjutan

Dyah Agustin Widhi Yanti — 2025-12-31

This study is motivated by the maritime industry’s growing need to strengthen competitiveness through effective talent management strategies that support the development of the Green Maritime Industry and accelerate the implementation of a sustainable blue economy in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze maritime talent management strategies that build both green skills and digital competencies among maritime human resources, and to measure their influence on sustainability performance and contributions to the blue economy. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a quantitative survey of 120 respondents from national shipping companies and in-depth interviews with 12 maritime practitioners. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) and qualitative thematic analysis. The results indicate that the development of digital and green talent has a significant positive effect on improving the sustainability performance of shipping companies (path coefficient 0.71; p < 0.001) and contributes 38% to blue economy implementation through energy efficiency, emissions reduction, and increased operational productivity. Findings also show that 82% of respondents reported an urgent need for digital and green maritime training, while only 54% of companies possess sustainability-based human resource competency maps. The study concludes that integrated talent management strategies—including talent acquisition, talent development, and talent retention—are essential in strengthening the maritime industry's transition toward green practices and a sustainable blue economy.

Transformasi Digital dan Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Maritim: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Operasional Pelayaran Berkelanjutan

Toto Dwijaya Saputra — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze the impact of digital transformation on the effectiveness of maritime human resource (HR) management and its implications for sustainable shipping operations in Indonesia. The research focuses on HR readiness, the level of digital technology adoption, and the improvement of operational performance in national shipping companies. A quantitative descriptive method was employed by distributing questionnaires to 120 respondents, comprising operational managers, chief engineers, and HR staff from 10 shipping companies in Surabaya and Batam. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with a 5% significance level. The findings revealed that digital transformation had a significant positive effect on HR management effectiveness (68%) and on operational efficiency (72%). Moreover, 81% of respondents stated that the implementation of digital systems such as e-logbooks, online manning platforms, and IoT-based monitoring tools improved crew productivity. However, the main challenges remained the lack of digital competence (54%) and resistance to changes in work culture (47%). The study concludes that integrating digital technologies accompanied by HR capacity building is the key to achieving efficient, adaptive, and sustainable shipping operations.

The Transformation of E-Procurement and Digitalization to Promote Environmentally Friendly Practices in the Supply Chain

Evyana Diah Kusumawati — 2025-12-31

Digital transformation in maritime procurement through e-procurement is increasingly becoming a strategic tool for increasing efficiency while supporting the ecosystem. Global pressure for environmentally friendly practices demands innovations that not only reduce costs and accelerate procurement processes but also strengthen transparency and traceability in maritime supply chains. This research uses a conceptual qualitative approach with thematic analysis based on a literature review of scientific journals, industry reports, and empirical studies from 2020–2025. Data were analyzed through pattern identification, concept synthesis, and source triangulation to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. The results indicate that e-procurement significantly reduces the use of physical resources, strengthens supply chain traceability, and facilitates supplier selection based on environmental certification. Digitalization accelerates information flow, optimizes green logistics, and builds transparency-based governance. This research addresses questions regarding the implementation of e-procurement in the maritime environment, the factors influencing its effectiveness, and the integrative mechanisms between digital capabilities, procurement processes, and organizational governance to strengthen sustainable outcomes. These findings confirm that e-procurement is not simply a technological tool, but rather a catalyst for transforming maritime supply chain practices into more competitive and environmentally friendly ones. The research's contribution lies in integrating digitalization and demand perspectives, while also providing a conceptual framework that can broaden the scope of research and support green supply chain development policies.

Analisis Pencapaian Standar Kinerja Box Ship Hours pada Produktivitas Bongkar Muat di Terminal B PT. Belawan New Container Terminal

Muhammad Hibban Fathahillah — 2025-12-31

This study aims to assess the achievement of the Box Ship Hours (BSH) performance standard, identify the key factors influencing its attainment, and analyze the relationship between BSH and loading– unloading productivity at Terminal B, PT BNCT. Optimizing BSH performance not only enhances cargo-handling productivity but also contributes to customer satisfaction, vessel schedule reliability, and the port’s competitiveness at both national and international levels. A qualitative research approach was employed, using observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings reveal that BSH serves as a critical indicator of terminal operational efficiency and reflects the overall quality of stevedoring services. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship was found between BSH achievement and loading–unloading productivity. Higher BSH values correspond to greater productivity, as more containers are handled within a given time frame. The case of MV. Meratus Medan 5, achieving 39.61 BSH and surpassing the KSOP Belawan standard of 37 BSH, demonstrates optimal operational performance through effective crane utilization, efficient time management, and minimal idle time.

Keterlambatan Proses Bongkar Muat Gandum Pada Kapal MV SE Cardi di Pelabuhan Tanjung Intan Cilacap

Sandrina Salsabila — 2025-12-31

The wheat loading and unloading process at Tanjung Intan Cilacap Port has experienced significant inefficiencies. The factors causing these inefficiencies include natural conditions, suboptimal performance of the Loading and Unloading Workforce (TKBM), and poorly maintained loading and unloading equipment. Consequently, ship waiting times have increased, and operational costs have risen. This research aims to analyze the wheat loading and unloading process on the MV Se Cardi vessel at Tanjung Intan Cilacap Port, identify the factors contributing to operational inefficiencies, and evaluate the impacts and the measures taken to address them. The research employs a qualitative method, relying on both primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The collected data are qualitatively analyzed to identify the factors, impacts, and measures to handle inefficiencies in the wheat loading and unloading process on the MV Se Cardi vessel. The research results indicate that the factors affecting inefficiency include natural conditions, human factors, and technical conditions of the equipment. The inefficiency of this process can lead to loading and unloading delays, operational losses for the vessel, higher mooring costs, and increased operational expenses. Efforts to improve the loading and unloading process at Tanjung Intan Port include accurate time estimation, training and enhancement of human resource quality, and maintenance and upgrading of loading and unloading equipment technology

Digitalisasi Mesin Kapal untuk Transportasi Maritim Berkelanjutan dengan Efisiensi Energi dan Pengendalian Emisi

Puryadi Puryadi — 2025-12-31

The digital transformation of ship engines has emerged as a crucial strategy to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions within the framework of sustainable maritime transportation. This study investigates three central issues: (1) how digitalization can enhance the energy efficiency of ship engines, (2) the extent to which digital technologies support the control of CO₂ emissions, and (3) which strategies are most effective in integrating digital innovation with environmentally friendly practices in the maritime industry. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the role of ship engine digitalization in performance optimization, fuel consumption reduction, and emission control, and to formulate a conceptual framework that links technological innovation to environmental sustainability. The study adopts a qualitative–conceptual approach, employing thematic analysis grounded in the scientific literature, industrial reports, and empirical studies published over the past five years (2020–2025). Data analysis was conducted through pattern identification, conceptual synthesis, and the integration of findings to generate a holistic understanding of the topic. The results indicate that implementing digitalization—particularly through real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and propulsion optimization—can reduce fuel consumption by approximately 12–15% and CO₂ emissions by 10–13%, while simultaneously enhancing operational productivity. These findings highlight the importance of synergy between public policy and digital innovation, offering an integrative conceptual framework to accelerate the realization of sustainable maritime transport.

Studi Efektivitas Operasional Bongkar Muat Ammonium Nitrate di PT. Kutai Jaya Pundinusa Bontang

Rakhel Lia — 2025-12-31

This study aims to assess the operational effectiveness of Ammonium Nitrate loading and unloading activities at PT Kutai Jaya Pundinusa, Bontang, East Kalimantan. As a hazardous chemical used in the mining industry, Ammonium Nitrate requires efficient operational procedures that meet strict safety standards. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and analysis of operational documents over a specified period. The analysis focuses on loading and unloading times, equipment capacity and readiness, workforce performance, and the implementation of occupational safety standards. The data obtained are analyzed qualitatively to identify factors hindering effectiveness, assess the current operational performance, and formulate strategic recommendations to optimize the loading and unloading process. Scientifically, this study contributes to strengthening the maritime supply chain management approach in handling hazardous materials while encouraging improved safety practices and logistics efficiency at industrial ports.

Analisis Kualitas Nilai Kalor Briket Arang Tempurung Kelapa Ditinjau dari Variasi Bahan Perekat

Anton Winarto — 2025-12-31

The need for energy is increasing, along with the growing use of fuel oil derived from plant and animal fossils. One alternative is using biomass energy. Biomass energy is derived from renewable natural resources, so it has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel. In this study, coconut shell waste is processed into briquettes as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel for households or small industries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the calorific value of coconut shell briquettes in terms of variations in adhesive materials. The results of this study indicate that the calorific value of briquettes with rice flour adhesive is 567 cal/gr, briquettes with starch flour adhesive is 962 cal/gr, briquettes with wheat flour adhesive is 476 cal/gr, and briquettes with clay adhesive is 174 cal/gr. It can be seen that briquettes with starch-flour adhesive have the highest calorific value of 962 cal/g and can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel for households or small industries.

Analisis SWOT terhadap Implementasi Terminal Operating System (TOS) dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Operasional Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas

Kadek Vika Oktapiari — 2025-12-31

The development of information technology in the Industry 4.0 era is driving digital transformation in the maritime sector, including the implementation of the Terminal Operating System (TOS) at Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang. This study aims to evaluate the impact of TOS on the efficiency of loading and unloading operations and identify barriers to its implementation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, as well as a SWOT analysis based on TOS operational data to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the operational efficiency of Tanjung Emas Port, resulting in a more comprehensive, technical, and applicable efficiency improvement strategy. The results show that TOS improves inter-unit coordination through real-time data integration, reduces dwell time, speeds up vessel waiting time, and increases loading and unloading productivity. The SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies show an effective approach to exploit opportunities, strengths, and reduce risks. The implementation of TOS is proven to support port efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness, while also being a strategic step towards Smart Port Indonesia.

Analisis Efektivitas Persediaan Metode FIFO (First In First Out) terhadap Pengiriman Gandum ke Mill di PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, Div Bogasari Jakarta

Angel Rosana — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze the effect of FIFO inventory effectiveness on wheat delivery to the mill at PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, Bogasari Division. The analysis was conducted using simple linear regression. The results show that the R-value of 0.730 indicates a strong relationship between FIFO inventory effectiveness and wheat delivery. If the R value is 0.730, the relationship between the variables is considered strong. If the t-value (7.420) is greater than the t-table value (2.010), then FIFO inventory effectiveness significantly influences wheat delivery. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (R-squared) of 0.533 indicates that the FIFO method accounts for 53.3% of wheat delivery. The regression equation yields Y = 4.295 + 0.409X, indicating that a one-unit increase in FIFO inventory effectiveness increases wheat delivery by 0.409 units. These findings confirm that implementing the FIFO method in inventory management can enhance logistics efficiency and raw material distribution. Therefore, optimizing inventory management strategies using FIFO is highly recommended to support operational smoothness and improve logistics performance at PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, Bogasari Division.

The Influence of Work Concentration and Crew Rest Hours on Occupational Safety on the MV. Ammar

B. Dwi Aprilia — 2025-12-31

Occupational safety on ships is influenced by various factors, including crew work concentration and rest schedules. High workloads, ship operating rhythms, environmental conditions, and continuous duty duration can reduce crew physical and mental readiness, increasing the risk of accidents. This study aims to analyze the effects of work concentration and rest schedules on work safety aboard the MV Ammar. The method used was a descriptive quantitative approach, with questionnaires administered to all 23 crew members. Data were analyzed using simple regression to examine the relationship between work concentration (X1), rest schedules (X2), and work safety (Y). The results showed that work concentration significantly influenced work safety, contributing 43%, while rest schedules contributed 51%. Simultaneously, both variables had a positive and significant impact, accounting for 67% of work safety. This confirms that the quality of crew work, concentration, and rest schedules must be an important part of ship operational safety management. Recommendations for this study include adjusting work schedules in accordance with the 2006 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), improving fatigue management, and enhancing discipline and safety awareness.

Implementasi Warehouse Management System di PT. Arya Manggala Contena, Semarang

Agus Pamungkas R. Putra — 2025-12-31

Digital transformation in the maritime industry does not focus solely on optimizing sea transportation but also on improving the efficiency of logistics and warehousing systems. One tangible form of this transformation is the implementation of the Warehouse Management System (WMS) in depot and warehousing service companies. PT. Arya Manggala Contena Semarang, a company engaged in container depot services and warehousing logistics, has adopted a digital WMS-based system to enhance operational efficiency and support the concept of an environmentally friendly maritime industry. This study aims to analyze the impact of WMS implementation on logistics process efficiency and its contribution to sustainable maritime transportation. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and documentation within the company’s operational processes. The findings indicate that implementing a WMS has improved inventory data accuracy by up to 98%, reduced administrative paper usage by 85%, and shortened average loading and unloading times by 20 minutes per transaction. The results reveal that digital transformation through WMS significantly improves logistics performance, supports paperless operations, and reduces the company’s overall carbon footprint. Consequently, the implementation of WMS at PT. Arya Manggala Contena aligns with the principles of green logistics and promotes the development of a more sustainable maritime industry in Indonesia.

Integrasi Smart Marketing dan Green Supply Chain Management dalam Strategi Digital Industri Maritim

Karmanis Karmanis — 2025-12-31

The digital transformation of the maritime industry has become a strategic necessity amid global pressures for supply chain efficiency and environmental sustainability. This article examines the urgency of integrating smart marketing and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) as a unified digital strategy to enhance competitiveness and promote sustainable maritime transportation. The study employs a conceptual qualitative approach, with thematic analysis grounded in recent literature, industry reports, and empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal that smart marketing plays a pivotal role in strengthening customer relationships, optimizing market segmentation, and encouraging the adoption of sustainability-oriented digital technologies. Meanwhile, the implementation of GSCM contributes to operational efficiency, carbon emission reduction, and compliance with environmental regulations. The integration of these two approaches results in a conceptual model of digital maritime strategy that emphasizes not only profitability and efficiency but also long-term sustainability. This article contributes theoretically by bridging the literature on digital marketing and green supply chain practices in the maritime sector, while offering practical implications for the transition toward a smart, sustainable maritime industry.

Analisis Penerapan Prosedur ISM Code dan Pelatihan Awak Kapal Terhadap Keselamatan di Kapal MT. Pasaman PT. Pertamina International Shipping

Bobi Yosi Gunawan — 2025-12-31

Safety is the most important thing in ship operations, because it concerns human life and spirit. Implementation of the ISM Code procedure is one part of the obligations that must be implemented based on SOLAS 1974 Chapter IX – Management for the Safe Operations of Ships, which provides requirements based on the form of a Safety Management System (SMS) made by the company or person deemed responsible for the ship to create safe ship operations and prevent pollution. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the ISM Code procedure and find out the crew’s training regarding the safety management system on the MT. Pasaman. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method, which involves collecting data directly from the research site. With several aspects such as data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. From the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the ISM Code procedure on the ship MT. Pasaman. The fitting hasn’t gone well. Given the existence of company regulations and policies for implementing the Safety Management System, the authority of the Master, as the person responsible for the entire ship’s crew, must play an important role in increasing crew discipline and safety awareness by conducting well-implemented training and familiarization to reduce work accidents.

Analisis Penyebab Kerusakan Poros Pompa Air Tawar Pendingin Mesin Induk: Studi Kasus di KN. Prajapati

Risno Priyanto — 2024-12-31

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the causes of the damage to the main engine's freshwater cooling pump shaft and formulate effective preventive solutions. This study uses a case study design with a mixed method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the damage to the main engine's freshwater cooling pump shaft. The population in this study is all components of the main engine's freshwater cooling system. The research sample is focused on the main engine's freshwater cooling pump shaft that experienced damage. Data analysis was carried out in stages using the triangulation method to increase the credibility of the research findings. Visual inspection showed that all shaft samples experienced fatigue cracks that originated from the radius fillet area on the bearing seat, namely the diameter transition zone that becomes a stress concentration. The crack pattern is in the form of semi-circular beach marks which are typical for fatigue failure due to repeated cyclic loading. RCA analysis identified three main root causes: (1) Chronic misalignment between the pump and the drive motor that causes non-uniform radial loads and stress concentrations on the shaft; (2) Sub-standard shaft material quality with sub-optimal heat treatment, resulting in low fatigue strength; and (3) Cooling water contamination with acidic pH and high chloride which accelerates corrosion and material degradation. It was concluded that the failure of the KN. Prajapati main engine's freshwater cooling pump shaft was caused by a combination of three interacting root cause factors, namely chronic misalignment between the pump shaft and the drive motor, sub-standard shaft material quality, and cooling water contamination and a high chloride content of 185 PPM which created a corrosive environment.

Upaya Menjaga Kestabilan Tegangan Elektroda dalam Menghasilkan Bunga Api terhadap Kelangsungan Proses Pembakaran Boiler di Kapal MV. Mubasyir

Ahmad Abdul Rozak — 2025-12-31

The ignition system in a boiler plays a crucial role in ensuring the continuous combustion process. To generate an optimal spark, electrode voltage stability is required. This study aims to identify the factors affecting electrode voltage stability on the MV. Mubasyir ship through observation, interviews, and technical analysis. The findings reveal that ignition disturbances are caused by voltage fluctuations, insulator damage, and inadequate maintenance. Recommended improvements include routine maintenance, the use of high-temperature-resistant insulators, and crew training. The implementation of these strategies is expected to enhance combustion efficiency and boiler system reliability.

Implementasi Prosedur Pelayanan Agen Melalui Sistem Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) dalam Clearance In Kapal Asing di PT Sea Asih Lines Cabang Belawan

Khrist Daelen Pelawi — 2025-12-31

This study aims to identify and analyze the agent service procedures through the Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) system in the clearance process of foreign vessels at PT Sea Asih Lines, Belawan Branch. INSW is an integrated electronic service system that facilitates the submission of data and information through a single portal, thereby accelerating licensing and customs processes at ports. The research method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collected through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. The results show that the implementation of the INSW system at PT Sea Asih Lines has provided convenience in the administrative process of foreign vessel arrivals, particularly in terms of time efficiency and procedural transparency. However, several challenges remain, such as system disruptions, limited user understanding of digital procedures, and ship crew members who are sick, which has an impact on the issuance of health documents, so that the entry permit process is hampered, and inadequate coordination among related agencies. Overall, the implementation of INSW at PT Sea Asih Lines Belawan Branch has been relatively effective in supporting the smooth clearance process of foreign vessels, although improvements in technical aspects and human resources are still needed to achieve optimal results.

Service Quality and Working Motivation: Empirical Evidences of Freight Forwarding for Shipping Companies in Indonesia

Kamsariaty Kamsariaty — 2025-12-31

Some problem questions could be formulated, including the operational delays caused by inconsistent service speed, long loading-unloading duration, less equipment for loading-unloading as well as skilled manpowers that could disrupt smooth operation and reduce customer satisfaction. The aim of this research was to know and analyze both the direct and indirect influences of the service quality of container loading-unloading on the job satisfaction in the freight forwarding companies in Banjarmasin City. The research method used the Partial Least Square-based Structural Equation Model approach. The sample of this research was the employees of three Freight Forwarding companies in South Kalimantan, namely Indo Container Lines Banjarmasin, Fajarindo Trans Logistics, and Golden Trans Banjarmasin as many as 53 persons. Directly, the result of hypothesis testing between job satisfaction and employee performance was found influence positively and significantl . summary, service quality and work motivation positively impact employee performance only through the mediation of job satisfaction. While these factors work indirectly, work motivation alone shows no significant direct influence on performance, highlighting that job satisfaction is the essential bridge required to turn motivation into actual results.

Strategi Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) sebagai Instrumen Pengendalian Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Diesel di Kapal Modern

Fajar Pujiyanto — 2025-12-31

The transition toward sustainable maritime operations requires a standardized and measurable indicator to evaluate ship energy performance in real operating conditions. The Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI), recommended by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), provides a quantitative measure of CO₂ emissions relative to fuel consumption. This paper examines strategic approaches for implementing EEOI as a practical emissions control instrument for modern ships, focusing on calculation methods, operational parameters, and supporting technologies that influence index performance. The analysis highlights that consistent application of EEOI enables ship operators to identify energy-inefficient operating patterns and supports decision making for fuel saving measures such as optimized voyage planning, and propulsion system tuning. Furthermore, the integration of digital monitoring and realtime data analytics significantly enhances the accuracy and responsiveness of EEOI assessments. The findings indicate that EEOI functions not only as a compliance reporting tool but also as a core component of energy management strategies aimed at meeting IMO 2030–2050 emission reduction targets. Effective utilization of the index contributes to more efficient, economical, and environmentally responsible ship operations